Csilla Bujtás ; Tanja Dravec ; Michael A. Henning ; Sandi Klavžar - Bounds on the game isolation number and exact values for paths and cycles

dmtcs:16132 - Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, June 12, 2026, vol. 28:2 - https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.16132
Bounds on the game isolation number and exact values for paths and cyclesArticle

Authors: Csilla Bujtás ORCID; Tanja Dravec ORCID; Michael A. Henning ORCID; Sandi Klavžar ORCID

The isolation game is played on a graph $G$ by two players who take turns playing a vertex such that if $X$ is the set of already played vertices, then a vertex can be selected only if it dominates a vertex from a nontrivial component of $G \setminus N_G[X]$, where $N_G[X]$ is the set of vertices in $X$ or adjacent to a vertex in $X$. Dominator wishes to finish the game with the minimum number of played vertices, while Staller has the opposite goal. The game isolation number $ι_{\rm g}(G)$ is the number of moves in the Dominator-start game where both players play optimally. If Staller starts the game the invariant is denoted by $ι_{\rm g}'(G)$. In this paper, $ι_{\rm g}(C_n)$, $ι_{\rm g}(P_n)$, $ι_{\rm g}'(C_n)$, and $ι_{\rm g}'(P_n)$ are determined for all $n$. It is proved that there are only two graphs that attain equality in the upper bound $ι_{\rm g}(G) \le \frac{1}{2}|V(G)|$, and that there are precisely eleven graphs which attain equality in the upper bound $ι_{\rm g}'(G) \le \frac{1}{2}|V(G)|$. For trees $T$ of order at least three it is proved that $ι_{\rm g}(T) \le \frac{5}{11}|V(T)|$. A new infinite family of graphs $G$ is also constructed for which $ι_{\rm g}(G) = ι_{\rm g}'(G) = \frac{3}{7}|V(G)|$ holds.


Volume: vol. 28:2
Section: Graph Theory
Published on: June 12, 2026
Accepted on: May 25, 2026
Submitted on: July 29, 2025
Keywords: Combinatorics

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