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  1. Home > Articles & Issues >
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  3. Words avoiding the m ...
Article

Words avoiding the morphic images of most of their factors

Pascal Ochem, Matthieu Rosenfeld
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Submitted on
June 23, 2025
Accepted on
September 17, 2025
Published on
September 23, 2025
Last modified on
September 23, 2025
Volume 27
vol. 27:3
Combinatorics
DOI
10.46298/dmtcs.15919
License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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Words avoiding the morphic images of most of their factors

Pascal Ochem, Matthieu Rosenfeld
Abstract
We say that a finite factor $f$ of a word $w$ is \emph{imaged} if there exists a non-erasing morphism $m$, distinct from the identity, such that $w$ contains $m(f)$. We show that every infinite word contains an imaged factor of length at least 6 and that 6 is best possible. We show that every infinite binary word contains at least 36 distinct imaged factors and that 36 is best possible.
Keywords
  • Combinatorics
Mathematics Subject Classification 2020
  • 11A67 - Other number representations
  • 20M05 - Free semigroups, generators and relations, word problems
  • 68R15 - Combinatorics on words
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