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  1. Home > Articles & Issues >
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  3. On the area-depth sy ...
Article

On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

Wenjie Fang ORCID (1) (2)
(1) Université Gustave Eiffel
(2) Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge [LIGM]
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Submitted on
January 27, 2026
Accepted on
June 22, 2026
Published on
June 28, 2026
Last modified on
June 28, 2026
Volume 28
vol. 28:3
Combinatorics
DOI
10.46298/dmtcs.17405
License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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271
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170
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On the area-depth symmetry on Łukasiewicz paths

Wenjie Fang ORCID (1) (2)
(1) Université Gustave Eiffel
(2) Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge [LIGM]
Abstract
In an effort to further understanding $q,t$-Catalan statistics, a new statistic on Dyck paths called $\mathtt{depth}$ was proposed in Pappe, Paul and Schilling (2022) and was shown to be jointly equi-distributed with the well-known $\mathtt{area}$ statistics. In a recent preprint, Qu and Zhang (2025) generalized $\mathtt{depth}$ to so-called ``$\vec{k}$-Dyck paths''. They showed that $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ are also jointly equi-distributed over such paths with a fixed multiset of up-steps and a given first up-step, and they conjectured that the same holds when also fixing the last up-step. In this short note, we settle this conjecture on the more general context of Łukasiewicz paths by interpreting $\mathtt{area}$ and $\mathtt{depth}$ under the classical bijection between Łukasiewicz paths and plane trees, through which the symmetry is transparent. 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, final version
Keywords
  • Combinatorics
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References
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