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  1. Home > Articles & Issues >
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Conference paper

Sign variation, the Grassmannian, and total positivity

Steven N. Karp ORCID (1)
(1) Department of Mathematics [Berkeley]
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Imported on
November 21, 2016
Published on
December 31, 2014
Last modified on
March 31, 2025
Volume
DMTCS Proceedings, 27th International Conference on Formal Power Series and Algebraic Combinatorics (FPSAC 2015)
Proceedings
DOI
10.46298/dmtcs.2518
License
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
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886
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Sign variation, the Grassmannian, and total positivity

Steven N. Karp ORCID (1)
(1) Department of Mathematics [Berkeley]
Abstract
English
The <i>totally nonnegative Grassmannian</i> is the set of $k$-dimensional subspaces $V$ of ℝ<sup>$n$</sup> whose nonzero Plücker coordinates (i.e. $k × k$ minors of a $k × n$ matrix whose rows span $V$) all have the same sign. Total positivity has been much studied in the past two decades from an algebraic, combinatorial, and topological perspective, but first arose in the theory of oscillations in analysis. It was in the latter context that Gantmakher and Krein (1950) and Schoenberg and Whitney (1951) independently showed that a subspace $V$ is totally nonnegative iff every vector in $V$, when viewed as a sequence of $n$ numbers and ignoring any zeros, changes sign fewer than $k$ times. We generalize this result, showing that the vectors in $V$ change sign fewer than $l$ times iff certain sequences of the Plücker coordinates of some <i>generic perturbation</i> of $V$ change sign fewer than $l − k + 1$ times. We give an algorithm which constructs such a generic perturbation. Also, we determine the <i>positroid cell</i> of each totally nonnegative $V$ from sign patterns of vectors in $V$. These results generalize to oriented matroids.
French
La <i>grassmannienne totalement non négative</i> est l’ensemble des sous-espaces $V$ de ℝ<sup>$n$</sup> de dimension $k$ dont coordonnées plückeriennes non nulles (mineurs de l’ordre $k$ d’une matrice $k × n$ dont les lignes engendrent $V$) ont toutes le même signe. La positivité totale a beaucoup été étudiée durant les deux dernières décennies d’une perspective algébrique, combinatoire, et topologique, mais a pris naissance dans la théorie analytique des oscillations. C’est dans ce contexte que Gantmakher et Krein (1950) et Schoenberg et Whitney (1951) ont indépendamment démontré qu’un sous-espace $V$ est totalement non négatif ssi chaque vecteur dans $V$, lorsque considéré comme une séquence de $n$ nombres et dont on ignore les zéros, change de signe moins de $k$ fois. Nous généralisons ce résultat, démontrant que les vecteurs dans $V$ changent de signe moins de $l$ fois ssi certaines séquences des coordonnées plückeriennes d’une <i>perturbation générique</i> de $V$ changent de signe moins de $l − k + 1$ fois. Un algorithme construisant une telle perturbation générique est obtenu. De plus, nous déterminons la <i>cellule positroïde</i> de chaque $V$ totalement non négatif à partir des données de signe des vecteurs dans $V$. Ces résultats sont valides pour les matroïdes orientés.
Keywords
  • [INFO.INFO-DM]Computer Science [cs]/Discrete Mathematics [cs.DM]
  • oriented matroid
  • positroid
  • Grassmann necklace
  • sign variation
  • totally nonnegative Grassmannian
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