Aksheytha Chelikavada ; Hugo Panzo - Limit theorems for fixed point biased permutations avoiding a pattern of length three

dmtcs:15388 - Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, March 9, 2026, vol. 28:2 - https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.15388
Limit theorems for fixed point biased permutations avoiding a pattern of length threeArticle

Authors: Aksheytha Chelikavada ORCID; Hugo Panzo ORCID

We prove limit theorems for the number of fixed points occurring in a random pattern-avoiding permutation distributed according to a one-parameter family of biased distributions. The bias parameter exponentially tilts the distribution towards favoring permutations with more or fewer fixed points than is typical under the uniform distribution. One case we study features a phase transition where the limiting distribution changes abruptly from negative binomial to Rayleigh to normal depending on the bias parameter.

17 pages, final version


Volume: vol. 28:2
Section: Combinatorics
Published on: March 9, 2026
Accepted on: January 8, 2026
Submitted on: March 18, 2025
Keywords: Probability, Combinatorics, 05A05, 60C05, 60F05 (Primary) 05A15, 68Q87 (Secondary)

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