Alberto Dennunzio ; Enrico Formenti ; Luciano Margara ; Sara Riva - On solving basic equations over the semiring of functional digraphs

dmtcs:14590 - Discrete Mathematics & Theoretical Computer Science, November 21, 2025, vol. 27:3 - https://doi.org/10.46298/dmtcs.14590
On solving basic equations over the semiring of functional digraphsArticle

Authors: Alberto Dennunzio ; Enrico Formenti ; Luciano Margara ; Sara Riva

    Endowing the set of functional graphs (FGs) with the sum (disjoint union of graphs) and product (standard direct product on graphs) operations induces on FGs a structure of a commutative semiring R. The operations on R can be naturally extended to the set of univariate polynomials R[X] over R. This paper provides a polynomial time algorithm for deciding if equations of the type AX=B have solutions when A is just a single cycle and B a set of cycles of identical size. We also prove a similar complexity result for some variants of the previous equation.

    Final version accepted by DMTCS; added a linefeed before 'Clearly' in the before last page, as asked by the editor


    Volume: vol. 27:3
    Section: Discrete Algorithms
    Published on: November 21, 2025
    Accepted on: July 23, 2025
    Submitted on: October 17, 2024
    Keywords: Discrete Mathematics, Combinatorics, 68R01, 68R010

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